In the ruling, US District Court Chief Judge Vaughn Walker holds that the privacy harm to millions of Americans from the illegal spying dragnet was not a "particularized injury" but instead a "generalized grievance" because almost everyone in the United States has phone and Internet service. As a result, the District Court dismisses Jewel on the grounds that, because millions of Americans had been illegally spied upon, the claims in the suit were better resolved by the political, rather than the judicial, branches of government.